Txij li thaum pib xyoo 2021 los, tus nqi roj teeb raw khoom nce siab heev ua rau muaj kev xav txog kev puas tsuaj lossis kev ncua sijhawm, thiab ua rau muaj kev ntseeg tias cov tuam txhab tsheb tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev nyiam rau lawv cov tsheb fais fab.

Lub pob khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws feem ntau yog lithium-iron-phosphate, lossisLFP.Txij li xyoo 2021 los, Tesla tau siv LFP rau nws cov qauv pib ua hauv Suav teb. Lwm cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb xws li Volkswagen thiab Rivian kuj tshaj tawm tias lawv yuav siv LFP hauv nws cov qauv pheej yig tshaj plaws.

Cov roj teeb nickel-cobalt-manganese, lossis NCM, yog lwm txoj kev xaiv. Lawv xav tau cov lithium ntau npaum li casLFP, tab sis nws suav nrog cobalt, uas kim heev thiab nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb.

Tus nqi hlau Cobalt nce 70% hauv lub xyoo. Nickel tau pom kev kub ntxhov tsis ntev los no tom qab LME poob qis. Tus nqi nickel peb lub hlis tau pauv lag luam ntawm $ 27,920- $ 28,580 / mt rau lub Tsib Hlis 10.

Lub caij no, cov nqi lithium tau nce ntau dua 700% txij li thaum pib xyoo 2021, uas ua rau cov nqi roj teeb nce siab heev.
Raws li S&P Global Market Intelligence, tus nqi roj teeb hlau Suav teb thaum lub Peb Hlis tau nce 580.7% xyoo rau cov roj teeb LFP ntawm ib duas las ib kilogram, nce mus txog ze li $ 36 / kwh. Cov roj teeb NCM tau nce 152.6% dhau lub sijhawm tib yam mus rau $ 73-78 / kwh thaum Lub Ob Hlis.

"Txoj kevlithiumtau raug nqi nce siab dhau 12 lub hlis dhau los. Nws yog luv nqi me dua li koj xav tau [tawm tsam NCM] thiab thaum koj muab cov yam ntxwv kev ua tau zoo pov rau hauv nws yog qhov kev txiav txim siab nyuaj dua li nws yuav tau. Tej zaum koj yuav xav muab qee qhov kev ua tau zoo rau tus nqi, tab sis nws tsis pheej yig dua hnub no. "ib tus neeg muag khoom cobalt hydroxide hais.

"Muaj kev txhawj xeeb, qhov tseeb, vim tias tus nqi ntawm LFP muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dhau rau qhov uas nws tsom mus rau, uas yog cov roj teeb pheej yig," ib qho chaw tsim khoom lithium tau pom zoo.

"Tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev zoo dua li cov roj teeb uas siv nickel ntau (cov uas muaj 8 feem nickel lossis ntau dua) hauv lub sijhawm luv luv mus rau nruab nrab. Rov qab mus rau cov roj teeb NMC uas siv nickel tsawg dua ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev siv cobalt, thaum cov roj teeb LFP tseem tsis tuaj yeem phim qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo hauv qhov kub qis piv rau cov roj teeb uas siv nickel ntau," Alice Yu, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas laus, S&P Global Market Intelligence.

Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj lom neeg nyiam tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb yog lub roj teeb LFP, feem ntau nws xav tias NCM yuav ua lub luag haujlwm loj dua hauv EU kev lag luam - qhov twg cov neeg siv khoom nyiam cov tsheb uas coj lawv hla lub tebchaws lossis hla teb chaws ntawm cov nqi tsawg tshaj plaws.

"Thaum saib kev tsim cov roj teeb cog, peb yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas qhov yooj ywm. Tam sim no muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi ntawm LFP thiab NCM. Yog tias LFP pheej yig dua peb tuaj yeem muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom, tab sis tam sim no peb yuav tsum tsim NCM vim nws yog cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws." ib tus neeg tsim khoom tsheb hais.

Ib lub tuam txhab tsim tsheb thib ob tau hais li ntawd, "Cov roj teeb LFP yuav nyob ntawm no rau cov tsheb pib, tab sis tsis tau siv rau cov tsheb zoo".

Qhov txwv tsis pub ua

Kev muab khoom siv lithium tseem yog qhov txhawj xeeb loj rau kev lag luam EV thiab qee yam uas yuav ua rau txhua lub tuam txhab hloov mus rau LFP tau yooj yim.

Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm S&P Global Commodity Insights qhia tau hais tias yog tias txhua lub chaw tsim roj lithium hauv cov kav dej tuaj txog hauv lub sijhawm teem tseg, nrog rau cov lus qhia zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj teeb, tseem yuav muaj 220,000 mt tsis txaus los ntawm xyoo 2030, xav tias qhov kev thov yuav ncav cuag 2 lab mt thaum kawg ntawm kaum xyoo.

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom lithium hauv Western muaj feem ntau ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim tawm raws li cov ntawv cog lus ntev, thiab cov neeg hloov pauv hauv Suav teb tau ua haujlwm nrog ob qho tib si qhov chaw thiab cov kev cai ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntev.

"Muaj ntau qhov kev thov [tam sim no], tab sis peb tsis muaj cov khoom siv tam sim no," tus neeg tsim khoom lithium hais. "Peb tsuas muaj cov ntim khoom siv thaum tus neeg siv khoom muaj teeb meem, lossis tshem tawm cov khoom xa tuaj rau qee qhov laj thawj, txwv tsis pub nws tag nrho tau booked," nws hais ntxiv.

Qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog lithium, thiab lwm yam hlau roj teeb, dhau los ua qhov txwv tsis pub tsav tsheb EV siv tau ua rau cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb koom nrog ntau dua hauv kev lag luam sab saud.

General Motors yuav nqis peev rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Controlled Thermal Resources 'Hell's Kitchen lithium project hauv California. Stellantis, Volkswagen thiab Renault tau koom tes nrog Vulcan Resources los nrhiav cov khoom siv los ntawm Zero Carbon project hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Lwm txoj hauv kev xaiv Sodium-ion

Vim tias qhov kev cia siab tias yuav muaj cov lithium, cobalt thiab nickel tsis txaus, kev lag luam roj teeb tau tshawb nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev. Cov roj teeb Sodium-ion raug suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.

Feem ntau, Sodium-ion yuav siv cov pa roj carbon hauv anode thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib pawg hu ua Prussian Blue hauv cathode. Muaj "ib co hlau uas siv tau rau Prussian Blue, thiab nws yuav txawv nyob ntawm lub tuam txhab," raws li Venkat Srinivasan, tus thawj coj ntawm Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS) hauv Tebchaws Meskas.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau sodium-ion yog nws cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua, cov peev txheej hais. Vim muaj sodium ntau heev hauv ntiaj teb, cov roj teeb no tuaj yeem raug nqi yuav luag 3% -50% tsawg dua li cov roj teeb lithium-ion. Lub zog ceev yog sib piv rau LFP.

Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), yog ib lub tuam txhab tsim roj teeb loj tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb, tau tshaj tawm nws thawj tiam roj teeb sodium-ion, nrog rau nws cov roj teeb AB, uas qhia tau tias nws muaj peev xwm sib xyaw cov hlwb sodium-ion thiab cov hlwb lithium-ion rau hauv ib pob. CATL tau hais tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv ntawm roj teeb sodium-ion sib xws nrog cov roj teeb lithium-ion tam sim no.

Tab sis ua ntej sodium-ion tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm kev lag luam, qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb yuav tsum tau daws.

Tseem muaj qee qhov kev txhim kho uas yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm cov electrolyte thiab sab anode.

Piv rau lub roj teeb uas siv LFP, sodium-ion muaj zog dua thaum tso tawm, tab sis qaug zog dua thaum them.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias qhov no tseem yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua li qhov yuav muaj nyob rau theem lag luam.

Ib yam li ntawd, ntau txhiab lab daus las ntawm kev nqis peev tau ua nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau lithium-ion raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg nplua nuj lithium- thiab nickel.

"Peb yeej yuav saib sodium-ion tab sis peb yuav tsum xub tsom mus rau cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm thiab coj lub Hoobkas mus rau hauv online," ib lub tuam txhab tsim roj teeb hais.